![]() Pica in institutionalized mentally retarded persons. Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition. Fifteen-minute consultation: the child with pica. Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed - An update review. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Psychostimulants may improve pica by eliciting an increase in brain dopamine levels and a decrease in impulsivity.Īmerican Psychiatric Association. Therefore, a pharmacological approach capable of improving dopaminergic functioning may be an alternative treatment for pica. Two other cases of children with pica and ADHD observed at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of our institution were reported in this study, one of which had complete symptom remission after psychostimulant treatment optimization.ĭiscussion: The suggested association between pica and ADHD may have underlying etiology in poor impulse control and dopaminergic system dysfunctions. ![]() Of these, two reported complete pica symptom remission after methylphenidate treatment. Results: As far as the authors are aware, only three cases are currently reported in the literature describing comorbid pica and ADHD in children. A retrospective analysis of clinical data of two patients with pica and ADHD followed at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Hospital Pediátrico was also conducted. Methods: Systematic literature review using the key terms “pica”, “attention deficit”, “hyperactivity”, “child”, and “adolescent”. As several authors describe pica as an impulse control disorder and impulsive symptoms are a core aspect of the diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study reviews literature data on pica, ADHD, and treatment response during childhood and adolescence and adds two case reports to this body of evidence. However, no causative biological condition is identified in most cases and there is limited evidence to support pharmacological intervention. It is common during childhood and may be related to nutritional deficits, intellectual disability, stress, and psychosis. Introduction: Pica is the persistent ingestion of non-nutritive substances. ![]() Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraĪttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, pica, treatment Abstract ![]()
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